So to break even on an investment he has to sell 5000 units of a given item? Sounds like a lot to ask from these impoverished people.
Maybe, but it seems like a one-time investment per item on his part and applies to every machine that he never has to restock should be able to recoup the investment in a couple weeks or months depending on how active people become in the dungeons.
In the meantime that boss guy hasn't known what to do with the mana stones so he might have a stockpile which he could use to replenish food that he has been distributing in the form of ration tickets. I can see people that can't do dungeon work doing odd jobs for ration tickets and those who can will buy direct from the stores.
This only works in the MCs vision if he can shut them off if people try to control access to the stores otherwise the military will try to occupy them just for the wealthy from the city centers and not the slums where the monsters actually appear.