It happened to the ancient city of Tyre, by Alexander the Great. They used the materials of the once famous walls to build a land bridge from the mainland settlement to attack the island of Tyre that the citizens had retreated to. IIRC, the first attempt to build a land bridge failed but the second succeeded.
After that, a lot of the other kingdoms didn't want to become that extinct and just let Alexander take them over.
Modern Tyre is located several km down the coast.