But the scholar is right. The main flaw of democracy is that the common people are too emotional, don't understand politics, and are easily swayed. Democracy sounds good, but in reality it's terribly inefficient and it's controlled by elites from the shadows. It is a very foolish thing to assume that the modern political system can be applied to a medieval society. The main character here is the arrogant one.
You've understood the problem but failed to recognize it.
The problem isn't with democracy, the problem is that elites undermine democracy. So long as it remains possible for individuals or private interests to amass limitless wealth and power, tyranny will remain inevitable. So long as the ultra rich are allowed to exist, they will use their wealth and power to influence legislators, control the media, eliminate or absorb all competition, and ultimately seize power directly.
No matter which political system you try to implement under capitalism, it will inevitably devolve into plutocracy.
This isn't to say that democracy is without flaw. Representative democracies also possess the inherent flaw of creating a ruling class of political elites. We see a similar problem arising in Marxist-Leninism, where all matters of governance are controlled by a technocratic elite. In other words, communism inevitably leads to tyranny, just the same as capitalism does. After all, so long as power is allowed to centralize, it will do so, and thus a ruling class will form.
Humans are simply not capable of remaining uncorrupted by power. There has been extensive cognitive science research on the corrupting effects of power. Power, wealth, high status, etc., they very literally impair the brain. They cause individuals to become afflicted by Power Abuse Disorder. Few people are capable of resisting or resolving this, but such people would never seek that level of power to begin with, because it has no allure to them. For further reading, I suggest "On power and its corrupting effects: the effects of power on human behavior and the limits of accountability systems". It's a medium length essay, not a book.
As for the solution to these problems, it's pretty simple when you consider the roots of the problem. The problems with any system of government or economics boil down to two points:
1. The centralization of power into a ruling elite, who will absolutely be corrupted by that power.
2. The ignorance of humans, whether they be rulers or farmers.
The first step is the simplest. Divest and depose the ruling class and implement a wealth cap ratio, where the richest individual cannot be more than 10x wealthier than the poorest individual. Eliminate all hegemonic business models, where owners and CEOs rule the company like kings while their employees are disposable pawns; replace them with democratic business models, such as with co-ops or unions.
Then progressively transition to a more direct democracy. Take power away from legislators and "representatives" who are subject to corruption. However, before this can be fully accomplished the key step is needed. Education. What you're imagining is not what I'm referring to. Not education in the current sense, not classrooms with rows of tables and senseless repetition. Such institutions exist to brainwash children into being obedient and subservient to a system of monotonous rules.
Education must be founded entirely upon empirically verified research into the most effective models of learning, incorporating cognitive behavioral science in every aspect of learning. This is not one sided. Children and adults, alike, must engage with and understand how to apply these methods in their own daily lives. In other words, education is not a means to instill knowledge, but a means to instill the skills needed to constantly improve one's own comprehension of themselves, of others, and of the world around us.
Every single human must learn and understand behavioral cognition in a practical sense, implementing that understanding into our very worldview and establishing our entire culture upon that understanding. In a world where everyone understands the human mind, and where everyone knows that everyone else understands the human mind, we become immune to propaganda, disinformation, and the vast majority of our tribalistic fallacies which so consistently impede our civilization.
On top of this, we must ensure that the basic needs of all citizens are fully met. In the past, this would be impossible. But with modern technology, it is beyond easy. Healthcare, housing, education, food, and a healthy community. In such a world, every farmer can be an environmental scientist and biologist. Every carpenter can be an engineer. There's no reason why an engineer should sit at a desk and a carpenter should build the house. The same is true of almost all professions. In such a culture, education is no longer an institution, but a way of life. Humans are tribalistic animals. We strive, above all things, to be "good members of our tribe." If our tribe values these things, we will happily engage with them.
Upon such a foundation, the issues of direct democracy are resolved. Legislators hold no decision making power, they work not as technocrats, but simply as experts of their fields. They work only to implement programs and petitions which have been voted in by local or national popular vote. Voting can be conducted through an app, similar to a social media app. People can simply follow the subjects they're interested and vote on things they care about within their locality and at a national level. After all, a doctor is unlikely to have any need to vote on matters of farming, but they can choose to if they want.
If you've been convinced by what I've written here, then congratulations, you're now officially a Democratic Socialist.