@Scruffy I didn't mean it's mistranslated. I think it's a concept that doesn't translate well due to the limitations of the English language, kinda like how eros, philia, and agape all translate into "love" in English despite having very different meanings in the Greek. It's a correct translation but nuances are lost. Also, the idea that Japanese people view people that stand out as a bad thing is a myth. In fact, Japanese culture places special adoration for people who stand out, which is why they very easily create cultural heroes and idols. Tokugawa Ieyasu might have won the civil war, but it's the flashy Date Masamune whose legacy extends all the way into modern popular culture. The entire Japanese idol industry is built on encouraging common boys and girls to stand out more. Context is important here. The nail that sticks out gets hammered down BECAUSE IT'S A NAIL. The flower that stands out gets elevated ("takane no hana").
This seems to be why "standing out" in this chapter has two different interpretations by people. They're talking about a certain kind of standing out that can draw ire in one context but is admired in another. Tamashiro stands out passively, which gets her in trouble. Makio is a successful author precisely because she actively tries to stand out. Effort makes for the "right" context.
Asa's struggle in this chapter lies in trying to figure out which context her dad's comment was made in. She couldn't figure out whether it was a praise or an admonition. In the end she just followed Makio's advice to let herself stand out in the context she prefers (singing) because there is no question about Makio's context.