male calico quick summary: they’re either chimeras (a black cat and an orange cat whose embryos fused together early in the womb) or XXY (a male with multiple X chromosomes, essentially an intersex chromosome disorder, but not one that causes huge complications. this is much more common than chimeras, obviously)
cat coat color genes for black/orange are carried on the X. female calicos have one black X and one orange X
early on in embryonic development, each cell “decides” which X it is going to express (before that, it’s expressing just the egg cell’s X). this results in patches of black and orange. (this is also why XXY doesn’t cause huge issues—the process is already “set up” to handle multiple Xs)
humans actually work the same way, we just don’t have very noticeable traits on our X