@Recaso It seems to be less complicated than most xianxia (wuxia doesn't have cultivation stages, xianxia does).
(Pre) Foundation establishment - usually this is called qi condensation stage in other works but I went back and it doesn't seem the author actually gives a name to this sage, but it seems like most cultivators are stuck in this stage, especially if you're not part of a big sect. Remember all the cultivators in the outer sect and in the wilderness are all eager to gain foundation establishment, hence the technique that was revealed at the end of the last couple of chapters was such a big deal, instead of getting a foundation establishment pill or getting a demon core (both pretty much impossible for normal cultivators), you can just steal your cultivation from others.
Foundation Establishment This is quite a big deal in this work compared to a lot of other works where its normally just a stepping stage for the MC to power through. Not even all the inner sect disciples are Foundation Establishment. Seems like the first step to true immortality and a huge barrier to cross over in this work whereas in other works every young master is past foundation establishment.
Golden Core In other works there's usually a core cultivation stage after foundation establishment but doesn't seem to be the case here, or maybe there is and it'll be revealed as Little Mo gets there. The acting sect leader (Old grampa) is at Golden Core stage.
Nascent Soul Pretty rare and a big deal in this story.
Dao Seeking? We saw them talk about it this chapter, the stage after Nascent Soul. Nascent soul cultivators need to get to this stage to transcend into an upper realm, or maybe just the first step.