Nihei Tsutomu manga is generally good for dark apocalyptic settings. BLAME! doesn't introduce much elements per se, but it's art is very inspiring. Sidonia no Kishi is rather focused on the characters and politics, but the world is also good. But generally, the worlds that this author comes up with are not as extensive as you could wish, as he uses it mostly as background for the story and characters to evolve in.
I will mention GUNNM, which is EXCELLING in world building (not so much storytelling-wise though, you got everlasting fighting scenes that amputate the rest of the story).
Fourteen is old but gold, at least concerning the world building part. Its storytelling is really outdated, but its world is crazy and atypical.
No gun's life is good, has solid world building. Half of it is its technology, half its history and social setting. Very solid, as all aspect you want of a SF work are covered : technology, history, social setting, and a window on the life of the world's citizens.
If you like metaphysical settings for a change, No. 5 is a little hard to follow but pretty good at that.