The author doesn't know how the economy works it seems.
Money doesn't just vanish when given to those transform into plant, it flows from one's pocket to another's. If they spend their money extravagantly then it's a good thing - Their debts are paid, goods and services are bought, the producers have money to pay for their workers and keep producing, and eveyone have a job to make a living.
I don't know how many plant people are needed to make oxygen for everyone, but the percentage shouldn't be too high or the society cannot function normally, which means the oxygen tax shouldn't be high either. I have no idea why oxygen tax can become such a huge burden (because like I said above, all the tax money are given back to the economy).
I think you're mistaking the voice of certain characters with that of the author.
The talking points of the anti-transfloration faction have flaws, and many (though not all) of those flaws come down to similar mentalities and logical mistakes as what you might see in real world discussions about taxations and government expenses.
Compare: Welfare, where are similar talking points about recipients using it to supposedly buy luxuries. Never mind that among the millions of recipients, it is casual to cherry pick a few cases to 'demonstrate' just about anything.
the problem is that pay taxes just for the oxygen is fucked up. this society seems already fallen and what remain is slow burning hell where you have to decide between to pay for breath or eat, to pay for you daughter school or push her in prostitution (not the case in the chapter, but seem pretty common here), where for the average joe a terminal illness is a benediction.
Using taxes to fund the absolute essentials of living seems like the most legitimate purpose imaginable. What are they supposed to do, not make oxygen? Force people into it without any repayment? Use money from another tax, resulting in the same outcome under a different name? The real problems are who is taxed how much, and the general bad state of the social system where things like education cost too much.
You sound like the type to defend something as dumb as trickle-down economics in real life lol.
For one, you’re ignoring that transfloration isn’t as reliable as a regular business, so the economy booming because of it isn’t a thing that can reliably happen. That’s probably why the oxygen tax is so high, transfloration obviously can’t fix the issue. If anything, using transfloration is a sign of desperation.
Second, you assume that the ‘producers’ are spending wisely. Look at the price gouging and strikes that have happened in the US in the last few years. You think money is being spent wisely and humanely, by companies and government?
Actually, their line of thinking is more the opposite of trickle down. Trickle down would mean that rich people invest their money, prompting more technological growth. Normal people getting money to spend on consumption (via transfloration, wellfare, minimum wage, etc) is more trickle up, because it generates demand that drives employment. Or at least, that's the theory.
Obviously transfloration is a sign of desperation. But that also makes it reliable, because they have little choice but to continue funding.