What is a Trigger?
A trigger is a situation, memory, object, location, or person that prompts a strong or unexpected emotional reaction or causes someone to experience memories of previous trauma.² Anything can be a trauma trigger—a specific sound, song, clothing item, smell, or place can cause a reaction. Triggers are unique to the person who has experienced trauma, so what may trigger one person may not trigger another person with trauma. For instance, for someone who survived a fire, the smell of a smoky grill could be triggering. A touch on the back can trigger someone who was attacked from behind. The anniversary date of a traumatic event, such as September 11, can be a trigger. The sound of fireworks are a known trigger for many combat veterans and shooting victims.³
What Happens When Someone Encounters a Trigger?
Being triggered is more than just a brief emotional disturbance. For people who have experienced trauma, a trigger sets off a series of bodily and mental reactions that replicate the initial trauma and induce the body’s “fight or flight” response. Symptoms can include a rapid heartbeat, sweating, a panic attack, an overwhelming urge to run or escape, physical tension (such as clenching the jaw or fists), outbursts of anger or sadness, a flashback, or an intense feeling of fear—or a combination of these. Essentially, the person feels as though they are reliving the traumatic moment, including its associated distress and terror.