@Teddy
Keep in mind that the goal is not just to help yourself reach enlightenment, but to reduce the suffering within the world. It's also connected to the idea of Right Effort, in that you're not just helping yourself follow the path, but helping others follow their path as well.
Also, you can reach Enlightenment in life. It's said that Siddhartha did so, and many sects believe in the Bodhisattva, or people who have embodied the path in life. Some more individualistic schools believe it's more of a personal journey of self-discovery, which others can aid you on, but you can only discover from within oneself.
As for self-mutilation, most sects don't because it technically just causes more suffering, but Buddhists have been known to do some very strange things. (Example: During the Vietnam War, Buddhist Monks would set themselves on fire to protest against both the Communist Regime and the war in general. Amazingly, they just sat there and didn't move, scream or do anything, but just stoically took it as they were engulfed by the flames.)
Unsurprisingly, attachment is also defined by Buddha but it's more complicated. Here's the points:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upādāna